discovery had unintentionally added to the destructive forces of
warfare.
A restless, melancholy man, Alfred Bernhard Nobel was
one of the most imaginative of 19th century inventors. He was
an engineer, a chemist, a philanthropist, a litterateur, an eccentric
genius, and a linguist who could speak 6 languages.
After his death, the Governments of Sweden
and Norway established Nobel Memorial Prizes
in 5 categories: Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or
Medicine, Literature, and Peace. A 6th category,
Economics, was established by the Central Bank
of Sweden in 1968 and first awarded in 1969
(Curiously enough, there is no provision for a Nobel
prize in Mathematics). Each year, Nobel Laureates
assemble at Oslo or Stockholm on December 10,
the anniversary of Nobel's death. Each laureate
receives a Nobel prize Diploma, a Nobel prize Medal and cash amount of about SEK 9 million per Nobel prize (discuss below).
Until
1980, the Nobel medal was made of 23-carat gold
and weighed about 175 grams. Since then, the
medallion is being made of 18-carat green-gold-plated with 24-carat gold.A person or organisation awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Laureate. The word “laureate” refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honour.
Facts
- Awards: 597
- Laureates: 950
- Prize categories: 6
- Awarded women: 53
- Awarded organisations: 24
- Youngest laureate: 17
- Oldest laureate: 97
Prize categories
Nobel prize in Physics
From 1901 to 2019, 119prizes awarded to 213 laureates.
Nobel prize in Chemistry
1901-2019: 111 prizes awarded to 184 laureates.
Nobel prize in Physiology or chemistry
1901-2019: 110 prizes awarded to 219 laureates.
Nobel prize in Literature
1901-2019: 112 prizes awarded to 116 laureates.
Nobel prize in Peace
1901-2019: 100 prizes awarded to 134 laureates.
Nobel prize in Economic Science
1901-2019: 51 prizes awarded to 84 laureates.
What do the laureates receive
Nobel prize Diploma
Nobel prize Medal
The front of the gold Nobel Prize medals depict Alfred Nobel. The image on the reverse varies according to the institution awarding the prize.
The prize amount
The current amount is at SEK 9 million per full Nobel Prize. A Nobel Prize can be awarded to up to three Laureates who share the prize sum.
NOBEL PRIZES 2019
In Physics
James Peebles
“for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology”
Michel Mayor
“for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”
Didier Queloz
“for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”
In Chemistry
John B. Goodenough
“for the development of lithium-ion batteries”
M. Stanley Whittingham
“for the development of lithium-ion batteries”
Akira Yoshino
“for the development of lithium-ion batteries”
In Medicine or Physiology
William G. Kaelin Jr
“for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”
Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe
“for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”
Gregg L. Semenza
“for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”
In literature
Peter Handke
”for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience”
In Peace
Abiy Ahmed Ali
”for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea”
In Economic Science
Abhijit Banerjee
“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”
Esther Duflo
“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”
Michael Kremer
“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”
Sources :- internet, Nobel.
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